Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Examination of Cataract

Cataract is the name given to a clouding of the lens resulting in a reduction in visual acuity by a screen which is lowered in the eyes, like seeing the falls.

Type of cataract is the most common senile cataract and senile cataract is a degenerative process (deterioration). The changes coincided with presbyopia, but besides that it also becomes yellow and cloudy color, which would interfere with the refraction of light.

Although the so-called senile cataract but earlier changes can occur in middle age, at the age of 70 years most people have experienced changes in the lens even though it may only cause slight vision impairment.

Etiology of Cataract

• Aging (senile cataract).
• Trauma.
• Other eye diseases (uveitis).
• Systemic disease (diabetes).
• Congenital defect (a hereditary disorder as a result of prenatal viral infection, such as German Measles).

Clinical Manifestations of Cataract

Cataract is diagnosed primarily by subjective symptoms. Usually clients reported a decrease in visual acuity and glare as well as some degree of functional impairment caused by loss of vision earlier. Objective findings usually include condensation pearly gray on the pupil so that the retina would not appear with the ophthalmoscope. When the lens has become opaque, light will be open, be transmitted with a sharp focused image on the retina. The result is blurred vision or dim, glare is annoying eye shadow with distortion and hard look at night. Pupils are normally black will look gray or white.

Diagnostic Examination of Cataract

• Snellen eye chart / tele binocular eye machine: may be impaired by damage to the cornea, lens, aqueous / vitreous humor, refractive error, nervous system disease, vision to the retina.
• Field of vision: the decline may be due to the tumor mass, carotid, glaucoma.
• Tonograph: IOP (12-25 mmHg)
• Gonioscopy measurements from the point distinguishes open-angle glaucoma closed.
• Provocative test: determining the presence / type of glaucoma.
• Ophthalmoscopy: examines the internal structure of the ocular, optic disc atrophy, papilledema, bleeding.
• Complete blood, LED: indicates anemia systemic / infection.
• ECG, serum cholesterol, lipids.
• Glucose tolerance test: controls of DM.